In the early part of the 20th century, Max Wertheimer published a paper demonstrating that individuals perceived motion in rapidly flickering static images-an insight that came to him as he used a child’s toy tachistoscope. Describe how perceptual set is influenced by an individual’s characteristics and mental state.The Law of Proximity and the Law of Common Region are two very important Gestalt laws that help a designer create simple and usable interfaces, improve the perception of a webpage, and facilitate smooth interaction with a product.By the end of this section, you will be able to: Redesigned Ikea shopping cart is easier to use. The designers utilised the Proximity Law and backed it up with the Law of Common Region separating items in the cart with a visual border. After redesign, the elements became not only well adjusted but also got a separating border between them. In the old version of Ikea’s website, it was hard to tell where the quantity picker belonged. Here is an additional example from real life. The relationship between images and their captions becomes clear after adding a border. We can solve this issue by simply adding a border around each item so that the relationship between the caption and the image may become clear. In the example below, the spacing between the upper and lower images and the picture captions is almost the same, which makes it difficult to understand which element each caption belongs to, especially when there are many images in the grid. It is a useful tool in case you do not have much space, want your interface to be compact, or need to fix things quickly. Now let us get back to the Law of Common Region that we mentioned above. Separating personal data from the job details makes the form better organised. It becomes clearer what the text field labels belong to. Therefore, if you group elements correctly, you improve the visual perception of a page and decrease the interaction cost, or the effort that a user has to put into interacting with a website to achieve their goals.Īpplying the Proximity Law to the form design makes the form more usable. In other words, it is easier to remember, say, 23 56 98 than 235698. This way, our memory needs to retain just three units instead of six. The word chunking comes from cognitive psychology and denotes a process of taking individual bits of information and grouping them into larger units, which helps improve short-term memory.įor example, memorising six digits individually will be more challenging than breaking them into three groups containing two digits each. The Proximity Law is the golden rule for grouping, or chunking, elements. How grouping, or chunking, helps facilitate interaction with a webpageĪs previously mentioned, grouping sets up a hierarchy that regulates the arrangement of elements on a webpage such a hierarchy supports an eye flow making it easy for a user to move through the content. Now we see that a grey rectangular creates a new group of six squares. The Law of Common Region overpowers the Proximity Law. Various objects placed close to each other will be perceived as groups because the proximity overpowers other objects’ features such as shape or colour. Working with white space, or empty space between objects, we can unite random objects into a few clearly perceived groups. Now that we know what these laws mean, let us take a look at some examples: Great to use when there is a lack of space. The Law of Common Region: Elements tend to be perceived in groups if they share an area with a clearly defined boundary. Element grouping, or chunking, helps one scan information. The Law of Proximity: Objects that are near or proximate to each other tend to be perceived as a group. The Laws of Proximity and Common Region explain how people decide whether an element is a part of a group and are especially helpful for interface designers because they help set up a hierarchy by putting elements into groups. The Laws of Proximity, Similarity, Closure, and Common Region are often used in interface design. This is how Gestalt principles were coined. In early 20th century, Gestalt psychologists were trying to understand how people perceive the world and why we see objects in some ways but not in others.
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